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School S Out For Summer But Health Is Still Important

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School's Out For Summer, But Health Is Still Important

For teens, this is the season for sleeping in, beach trips and first jobs. For their parents, however, it's time to worry about common summer health risks.

In fact, a new survey supported by the National Parent Teacher Association (PTA) reveals that one in four parents of teens is extremely or very concerned about their teen's health during the upcoming summer break. Notably, heat exhaustion is the top health concern for 35 percent of parents and 75 percent will insist that their teens wear sunscreen while engaging in summer activities.

According to the survey, 92 percent of parents plan to maintain open communication with their children to ensure that they have a safe summer. In fact, online safety is a top summer safety concern for parents of teens, and 41 percent are extremely or very concerned about proper decision-making in an unsafe situation.

In addition, the survey reveals that one-third of parents agree that it is important for their teens to have a summer job, to learn work ethic and responsibility.

Here are some of the respondents' other health concerns:

• Ninety-five percent of parents want their teens to stay active and fit.

• Eighty-one percent plan to provide their teens with healthy food choices over the summer.

• Almost 30 percent feel it is extremely or very important to take their teens to the doctor for a summer health visit.

• Almost 63 percent feel it is extremely important for their teens to get vaccinated against infectious diseases.

• Despite the finding that almost two in three parents will make sure that their young teen is up-to-date with his or her vaccination schedule to ensure a healthy summer, only 12 percent cite pertussis (whooping cough) as a summer health concern.

Whooping cough is a disease against which children are routinely vaccinated that is currently on the rise among teens in the United States. Whooping cough is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory system that causes spasms of severe coughing.

Teens are at risk of whooping cough because childhood immunization begins to wear off five to 10 years after the last routine vaccination shot, typically administered when children are between 4 and 6 years old. Because of this, many teens are vulnerable and unprotected against this serious disease.

Teens are often undiagnosed because they don't show symptoms. They can then become the source of infection for family members and others.

Whooping cough can also be difficult to detect because the first symptoms are similar to the common cold with a mild fever, runny nose and a cough. Symptoms generally progress to more severe coughing episodes, often with a high-pitched "whoop," followed by vomiting. These severe coughing spells can last up to 10 weeks.

Once made aware of their teen's potential susceptibility, an overwhelming 92 percent of parents surveyed agree that young teens should receive a whooping cough booster. The good news is that in 2005 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved booster vaccines for diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis for use in adolescents.
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BONUS : School Safety – Protecting Children From Criminals In Uk Schools.

It is well known that following the death of two 10 year old girls in 2002 murdered by Ian Huntley, a 31 year old school caretaker, at Soham in Cambridgeshire in England that there were failings in the screening system used to check the murdererÂ’s background.

The screening system is referred to as Disclosure and a full system of Disclosure was actually in place at the time of the Soham murders. This system was set up to ensure unsuitable persons did not come into contact with children but reports showed that it failed the two girls murdered by Huntley. It failed because information regarding HuntleyÂ’s background which included burglary, indecent assault,4 allegations of underage sex, 3 rape allegations including one rape charge was never passed on to the school which employed him.

The information fell through gaps in police procedures in handling and storing data. This led to the end of the career of the Chief Constable responsible for the force following demands from the Home Secretary.

This was a timely warning that no matter how good a system is in theory that the devil is still in the operational detail.

It is the system of disclosure and itsÂ’ use in Education and elsewhere which forms the basis of this short article

Legal Base

The enabling act for disclosure is the Police Act of 1997. This is an Act of Parliament of the Westminster Government, that is to say it applies to all parts of the United Kingdom, just like Safety law and Employment Law.

However since both devolution and history speaks on this Scotland with itsÂ’ own legal system and Northern Ireland as a separate entity currently run by a Westminster appointed Secretary of State can be regarded as separate entities for the purpose of the detailed administration and response to the law.

Thus we have three separate responses to the requirement of Part 5 of the Police Act which requires the Administrative Authorities to set up systems to carry out such checks as may be appropriate for persons involved with or working directly with children.

The information derived from such checks is called Disclosure and is described under the various Sections of the Act:

• Section 113 refers to information contained in Criminal Record Certificates and such a disclosure is referred to as a “Standard Disclosure”. These are records considered “unspent” under the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974.

• Section 115 of the Act refers to “Enhanced Disclosures” but a confusion arises here as this enhancement refers to information from Criminal Record Certificates as to both spent and unspent convictions and this type of disclosure is referred to,in practice, as a “Standard Disclosure”.

• Section 115(8) is any information on police file which a Chief Constable considers relevant and also includes reference to information held centrally elsewhere about unsuitable persons to work or have contact with young people. The information under Sections 113,115 and 115(8) is in practice referred to as an “Enhanced Disclosure”.

Disclosure

The additional level of security of an Enhanced Disclosure is applied to staff and others who may have access to pupils through working or helping on a school site.

For staff working with children there is a statutory requirement for background checking to take place before any person takes up any role in a school.

This is meant to protect children and these checks are called Disclosures and are carried out by the Criminal Record Bureau (CRB) for England and Wales which is an executive agency of the Home Office. In Scotland the checking is carried out by Disclosure Scotland which is a service of the Scottish Criminal Record Service. Northern Ireland has a system in place which relies heavily on the Police Service but this is currently under review.
CRB

We will focus on the CRB working in England and Wales, the other systems may differ n detail and it is certain that a CRB check in England would need to be repeated in Scotland if someone moved there to teach.

Two differences between the English and Scottish Legal Systems which cause differences refer to the two Scotland specific legal issues of the sentence of “admonishment” following a guilty verdict which would be disclosed and the verdict of “Not Proven” which would not.

The CRB searches the databases of records about peopleÂ’s past records to carry out these checks. The following sources will be checked dependent on the level of disclosure needed.

* Police National Computer (PNC)
* Department of Health (DH)
* Department for Education and Skills (DfES)
* Local police forces

After a Basic, Standard or Enhanced Disclosure is requested by a person taking up a position in a school through a Registered Body usually the prospective Employer e.g a Local Education Authority,and by the individual themselves for Basic Disclosure.

Thus a Basic Disclosure is not really effective for Education.

A Standard Disclosure is used for the following main categories of work:

• those involving regular contact with children and vulnerable adults;

• those checked in the interests of national security;

• those involved in the administration of law;

• those applying for firearms; explosives and gaming licences;

• professional groups in health, pharmacy and law;

• senior managers in banking and financial services.

The Enhanced Disclosure is used for :

• those who apply for work that regularly involves caring for, training, supervising or being in sole charge of children or vulnerable adults;

• applicants for various gaming and lottery licences;

• those seeking judicial appointment;

• applicants for registration for child minding, day care and to act as foster parents or carers

Since the role of a teacher.or indeed a school caretaker involves the unsupervised access to children this is the type of disclosure which is appropriate.
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The Ministry of Education, the DES, the DfEE and now the DfES have all in their turn maintained a List of proscribed teachers, in various forms, over the years.

This List, called List 99, lists teachers unsuitable to work with children when banned for misdemeanours including sexual offences. It is the one of the items against which CRB checks for higher level Disclosures.

It is the decision of the Headteacher who should have access to the pupils on the school site and this was highlighted in 2003 when the CRB was set up and was running well behind with checks.

In these circumstances Headteachers and LEAs had to make decisions to grant access as disclosures were not physically available.

However, recently the situation seems much improved and the ability of the CRB to check across the board from a range of sources seems to be a useful tool in enhancing the security of children at school.

Safety and Employment Laws and Disclosure

We now have a problem with Disclosure recently the Health and Safety Executive(HSE) has prosecuted, not only the employer the Local Education Authority(LEA), but also the employee in charge of a school site i.e the head teacher. Prosecutions under Health and Safety Law are made in the UK Criminal Courts.

This suggests that a conviction for a breach of safety law could have a serious impact for a Head teacher since employment offers are made “subject to Disclosure”.

The situation could exist where a Head teacher in a UK School is convicted for a breach, resigns their post even though the LEA itself may have been convicted as well for not giving adequate support they enter a limbo.

Because of Disclosure any such Head teacher or other staff member is essentially is relying on a new employer to be understanding.

I wonder if they will be?

The situation at Soham tells us that no system can be perfect but essentially events like SOham was what the system was structured to guard against. It should be noted, for example, that the CRB DOES NOT currently (2004) have access to information from Northern Ireland nor, reliably from many countries outside the UK

We must all maintain vigilance.
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