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Raising Bilingual Children The 5 Most Common Myths

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Raising Bilingual Children: The 5 Most Common Myths

“Doesn’t she speak English? Oh, I see -- both Swedish and English. Doesn’t that get awfully confusing? Swedish, you said -- when will she use that?” Get used to hearing these kinds of things. You’ll get opinions from the barista at Starbucks, your mother-in-law, even your neighbors and strangers on the street. Remember, being a trendsetter always ruffles some feathers, and the best way to deal with unsolicited advice (other than running for the door) is to know the facts for yourself. 

Here are the most persistent myths on raising bilingual children:

“Your child will be confused by learning more than one language.” 

This belief is prevalent in monolingual countries and has far more politics than science to back it up. Rest assured that your child's little brain has more than enough neurons firing to cope with two languages (or even more) without frizzing out. On the contrary, decades of research in countless studies actually show significant cognitive advantages to being multilingual. And what about the experience of millions of families around the world where multilingualism is the norm, not the exception? Just look at Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, and Finland -- to mention a few.

“I can see two languages, maybe, but more than that is too much.” 

Considering how much babies have to learn in their first years of life, another language really doesn't add much to the load. As long the child is getting regular interactions in the second (or third) language, there won’t be problems. There is a reason why a two-year old child has fifty percent more synapses than an adult! Also, even if your child does not end up speaking all the languages, don’t underestimate the value of a passive language, i.e. understanding it but not yet speaking it. If you already understand a language it is magnitudes easier to learn it later in school or as an adult, compared to someone who’d never heard it before. So, even ‘just’ understanding another language is definitely not a wasted effort. 

“Your kid is going to get all these languages mixed up.”

It is true that some mixing will occur, but that is both harmless and temporary. As the child builds her vocabulary in each language, this phenomenon automatically disappears. How many monolingual children automatically fix mistakes after correct usage has been learned? 

For example, children begin by saying things like “Me want,” when they mean "I want." And how many of them are still saying, “Me want,” at five? Eventually, the multilingual child learns correct usage in the same fashion as any other child. If you don’t mix languages in your own conversation, it’ll make it much simpler for your child to remain consistent as well.

“Why start now? Later your kid will pick it up in no time.”

For all those who think it’s a huge intellectual burden on your child to grow up with multiple languages, there’ll be those who will tell you how easy it is. “Just go to a Spanish playgroup once a week. You don’t have to speak it yourself to her all the time!” This is highly unrealistic. Studies indicate that children need exposure to a different language about one third of their waking hours to become actively bilingual. They’ll understand a lot with less interaction, but they probably won’t be able to speak it themselves. Learning a second language is simple for children, relative to adults, but a child needs to hear a word thousands of times in all kinds of contexts before it sticks -- unless it’s a bad word, then miraculously you only have to say it once…

“Reading and writing in several languages? Some kids can’t even handle that in one language.” 

It’s true that many children have difficulties reading and writing well. However, reading and writing is a ‘coding / decoding’ process and is not linked to the number of languages a child speaks, as such -- although it could involve multiple alphabets, and then be a bit more work. Interestingly enough, access to multiple languages actually makes it easier for children to understand the nature of language itself, which, in turn, improves overall literacy skills. Research supports what many parents have long felt: that multilingual children have better-developed linguistic understanding.

Still, if you are in a hurry or find that politely ignoring the groundless opinions thrown your way doesn’t work, you can always ask if they think Einstein’s intellect suffered growing up with both German and Italian. And, he didn’t start talking until he was three years old either, but he certainly seemed to make up for lost time.
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BONUS : Raising Bilingual Children: What Are The Drawbacks?

I speak Swedish and my husband’s native language is English. When we had our two children, we had no doubt that we wanted to raise them with equal access to both languages. Now, years later, when I’ve made promoting multilingual child-raising not just my avocation, but my vocation as well, people ask me for the straight story, warts and all. “What is the difference, raising bilingual children?” “What do you wish you knew before you got started?”

It’s clear to most of us that speaking multiple languages is a good thing, and learning multiple languages in the early years is a nearly effortless means to fluency. Your multilingual child will have a head start in schools during a time when more and more of them are requiring a foreign language. And once your kid knows two languages, the move to three, or four is much easier.

Counter-intuitively, the effects of growing up bilingually include superior reading and writing skills in both languages, as well as better analytical, social, and academic skills. Parents who are themselves involved in high level careers are already well aware that professional prospects abound for those with fluency in multiple languages. So, that all sounds well and good, but what are the real drawbacks?

1 Delay. Multilingual children tend to speak a little later than their peers. Although there is no solid scientific evidence to suggest a delay in speech, anecdotally there is a real sense among parents that multilinguals start talking three to six month later than monolingual children. If you think about it, it makes sense that a child learning two or more language systems might take more time, since they are actually learning twice as many words. But rest assured, even if your child did not walk at nine months, eventually he ended up walking just as well as those precocious ones. The same thing holds true for language, even when you are talking about more than one. Guaranteed!

2 Mixing. Children learning two languages often slip back and forth between them, mixing up their words. This can disturb the parents, but can be even more alarming to the uninitiated. No worries. This tendency will pass once the child has built a large enough vocabulary -- around the age of four or five. Remember monolingual three year olds often struggle to find the right word, and for that matter, adults don’t always find it easy to express themselves effectively. In some ways, the multilingual kid has an advantage -- if he can’t think of the correct word in Vietnamese, for example, then he can say it in English. While the rest of us are speechless.

3 Effort. Perhaps the most easily overlooked drawback to taking the multilingual path is that it requires more effort on the part of the parents. Raising a multilingual child is a commitment. Much like piano lessons, you can't expect your little one to be a virtuoso overnight. Language learning is a long-term investment in your child and will require that you are able to provide enough language exposure. At times, you’ll probably need to boost the second language and offer some extra encouragement. You’ll need the persistence required to keep your family language rules as consistent as possible. But, if you can keep faith for the first four or five years while a solid language foundation is put in place, things get easier. Incidentally, the multilingual second child is a breeze, if your first child was raised that way. Your first will end up doing a lot of the work for you by simply being a natural chatterbox.

There's no doubt that multilingual children have more advantages, but it can feel a bit overwhelming to someone already struggling with diapers and feeding schedules; however, I have yet to meet a single parent who regretted the decision. But, the appreciation from your child, as usual, is probably another 20 years out.
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