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Jhdma2a Gene Hope Sparks For Curing Infertility

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Title:
Jhdma2a Gene: Hope Sparks for Curing Infertility

Word Count:
537

Summary:
The causes of male infertility may be traced in a defect in the Jhdma2a gene as recently discovered by a team of experts. Although the significance of the Jhdma2a gene has already been proven in mice, there is no certainty that it will have the same effect in humans. The next big step for the team is to focus on the DNA of infertile men to see if it is missing in any of them.


Keywords:
infertility


Article Body:
A new discovery which plays a significant role in the development of sperm may be able to give light on the problem of male infertility. Scientists from Howard Hughes Medical Institute believe they have discovered that a defect in the Jhdma2a gene could cause some cases of infertility in men.
The Howard Hughes team noted that mice lacking the Jhdma2a gene were infertile and only produce tiny numbers of abnormal sperm. One of Britain's leading male fertility experts expressed high hopes that the discovery could lead to some answers as to why there are some men who are incapable of fathering a child. Much of the reasons behind male “sub-fertility” remains vague to be fully understood.
Abnormally-shaped sperm or very low sperm count are two of the reasons why some men are not able to father a child. Many research studies are looking at genetic defects to be responsible for these conditions. The team of experts from Howard Hughes believed that the Jhdma2a gene is crucial for “spermiogenesis” which allows the DNA needed to create an embryo to be compacted into a tight ball inside the head of the sperm so that it can break through the outer surface of the egg. Spermiogenesis is the final maturation stage of sperm, when the cell builds its pseudopod, acquires the ability to crawl, and becomes capable of fertilizing an oocyte.
In order to find out if Jhdma2a gene could affect sperm production, they experimented on mice and bred these animals without the Jhdma2a gene. These mice turned out to have unusually small testes, had a very small number of sperm production, and could not produce offspring. They even noted that not only do these mice have unusually small testes, but the small number of sperm they produced had abnormally-shaped heads and tails that were found to be immobile. When the sperm was examined using dyeing techniques under a microscope, it revealed that the DNA was not being packaged correctly in the head of the sperm.
“Defects in this gene could be the cause of some cases of male infertility,” said Dr. Yi Zhang, project leader of the Howard Hughes team. “Because this gene has a very specific effect on the development of functional sperm, it holds great potential as a target for new infertility treatments that are unlikely to disrupt other functions within the body,” he said.

Although the significance of the Jhdma2a gene has already been proven in mice, there is no certainty that it will have the same effect in humans. The next big step for the team is to focus on the DNA of infertile men to see if it is missing in any of them.
According to Dr. Allan Pacey, a senior lecturer in Andrology at the University of Sheffield and Secretary of the British Fertility Society, the genes that controlled sperm development were poorly understood. “The way that sperm DNA is packaged into the sperm head is quite unique and we know even less about that. It would be very useful to translate this research into human males and see if it can explain why some men simply don't produce healthy sperm and are therefore sub-fertile,” he said.


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BONUS : Title:
Know the Early Signs of Pregnancy

Word Count:
526

Summary:
The article features the seven early signs of pregnancy. This will help women
quickly determine if they are pregnant or not. The seven symptoms provided by the author are the most obvious signs of pregnancy. If a woman experiences almost all of the symptoms given below, it is best to quickly consult a doctor to confirm pregnancy.


Keywords:
pregnancy, nausea, fatigue, nausea and vomiting


Article Body:
I’m pregnant? How can that be? I was not expecting this to happen!

These are some of the common reactions of women who became aware of their pregnancy at the very last moment. Since many women today basically missed the early signs of pregnancy, they only became aware that they are indeed pregnant after they try using a home pregnancy kit or after their gynecologists confirm it.

To avoid the hassle and drama of unwanted pregnancy, it is best for all sexually active women to become responsible enough to engage in safe sex and of course, to become aware of the early signs of pregnancy.

The following are the seven signs of pregnancy:

1. Light to moderate spotting

Moderate spotting generally occurs before a woman’s menstrual period begins. Spotting can also be a sign of pregnancy as implantation starts. Since this type of bleeding is brownish and the flow is usually light to moderate just like the pre-menstrual spotting, some women often disregard it as an early sign of pregnancy.

2. Increased body temperature

Just like the spotting, sudden increased in body temperature is also one of the most frequently missed signs of pregnancy among women, for this also normally happens during menstrual period. If a woman’s basal body temperature is higher than normal, then it can be a symptom for pregnancy.

3. Nausea

Nausea or morning sickness is one of the most common signs of pregnancy. This basically happens during the first to two weeks of pregnancy. Although the feeling of nausea and vomiting oftentimes occur anytime within the day, these can trigger when one least expects it.

4. Missed period

A missed period is probably the most obvious indication that a woman is pregnant. When this happens, women tend to immediately look for other signs of pregnancy or better yet, confirm their condition by means of reliable pregnancy home kit.

5. Frequent urination

A pregnant woman may not notice her frequent trips to the comfort room, but others can easily notice this, thus, an indication of pregnancy. This symptom happens because the uterus begins to swell and pressure on the bladder eventually occurs.

6. Tender breasts and nipples

Tender and swollen breasts and nipples are signs of menstrual bleeding, but these can also be indications that a woman might be pregnant. A woman may notice such soreness during sleeping, exercising, and even while getting dressed. Apart from soreness and tenderness of the breast as possible signs of pregnancy, a woman may also notice that her nipples darken in color.

7. Exhaustion or fatigue

A sudden feeling of fatigue or exhaustion is also one of the early signs of pregnancy. A woman can tell if she’s pregnant when she easily becomes exhausted and tired even after doing little or no activity at all.


These are just seven of the many early signs of pregnancy. Since the symptoms explained above are perhaps the most obvious indications that a woman is pregnant, one should confirm pregnancy by immediately consulting a gynecologist. Keep in mind that not all signs of pregnancy apply to every woman, hence, a trip to the gyne can definitely save one from the paranoia of possible pregnancy.


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